Concerns are increasing globally about energy security, in light of the ongoing conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran, and the disruptions in supplies through the Strait of Hormuz, in addition to the disruption of Qatari gas supplies, which constitute 20% of the volume of global trade.
This current situation prompted countries to search for alternative and quick solutions, which led to the return of “coal” to the spotlight as an alternative source of energy in light of the sharp rise in gas prices. Thermal coal prices have witnessed a noticeable increase of about 20% since the beginning of the war, with the price of a ton reaching $140 on March 9, a number that is close to its highest levels recorded since November 2024.
Although many countries seek to reduce dependence on coal as part of clean energy plans, supply crises pose difficult challenges that may force countries to reactivate coal plants as an urgent economic solution to meet the growing demand.
The following is a list of the top 10 coal producing countries in the world in 2024 (in million tons):
1. China: 4,780
2. India: 1,085
3. Indonesia: 836
4. United States: 465
5. Australia: 463
6. Russia: 427
7. South Africa: 235
8. Kazakhstan: 113
9. Mongolia: 106.5
10. Germany: 92
