China Strengthens Grip on African Minerals: International Competition and Dominance at Risk

The African continent is witnessing fierce international competition for control over its vital mineral resources. This competition stems from the increasing global demand for minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and copper, in addition to rare earth minerals used in defense and technology industries and the electric car industry. According to a report by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, China has significant influence, controlling more than half of the production of these minerals worldwide, and monopolizing “87% of refining and processing operations.”

Beijing has expanded its influence by acquiring key mines in countries such as “Botswana, Mali, and Tanzania.” In addition, China controls vital infrastructure, including railways and ports, giving it the ability to control the timing and cost of African exports, thereby enhancing its geopolitical influence.

In contrast, Chinese companies face serious allegations of widespread environmental violations, including “chemical leaks in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo during 2025.”

In response to these challenges, some African countries have begun to impose restrictions on the export of raw minerals. In addition, “Zambia and Congo” launched a joint project aimed at producing batteries locally, in order to make the most of the resources and wealth within the continent.