Inside the rumen, these particles encounter a microbial system that is among the most complex on Earth. A recent international study revealed how powerfully this system reacts when plastic enters the rumen environment.
Microplastic particles usually sneak into livestock feed through silage films, artificial soil, packaging materials, or even due to tire wear. These particles, with their minute size, are able to penetrate the soil and reach plants or feed.
## Impact of Microplastic Particles
Experiments have shown that microplastics reduce gas production in the rumen regardless of their type, size, or quantity, while increasing the degradation of dry matter, suggesting that microbes may interact with the plastic itself. Mass loss or fragmentation of some particles into smaller pieces was observed, possibly due to mechanical friction and microbial enzymes.
Microbial interactions revealed notable changes in proteins, with proteins associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism decreasing, while proteins associated with stress and repair increased, indicating that microbes are exposed to stress. The ratios of some microbial groups also changed, a pattern often indicative of dysbiosis in the microbial community.
These findings raise concerns about food safety, as particles smaller than 100 micrometers can migrate into tissues and accumulate in organs, potentially leading to contamination of meat and milk. In addition, microbial stress may reduce the efficiency of feed digestion, impairing animal performance and increasing costs.
Researchers urge reducing the use of plastics in agriculture, such as “silage films,” “packaging,” and “artificial soil,” to protect animals and humans alike. The study also provides important data for “regulatory and veterinary” bodies to determine safety limits for plastic contamination in feed.
In conclusion: “Microplastics do not remain dormant inside cows, but cause stress, alter the microbial community, and may affect food safety.”
